![]() The results confirmed the probabilistic risk of sea level rises and its impact on the sub-mergence of Anfushi's Necropolis. To achieve these aims, field (recording and photographs), desk (engineering drawing and mapping), and laboratory works (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluores-cence, binocular microscopy, polarizing microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy) were carried out. Additionally, the vector mapping of its architectural and structural elements was applied for documentation and recording purposes for the necropolis. This paper's main objectives were to characterize this necropolis's building materials and assess its durability problems and risks regarding the coastal environment. Sea level rises, earthquakes, flooding, storminess, variations in temperature, rainfall, and wind are the factors that have the largest effect on the destruction and decay of Anfushi's Necropolis building materials. Anfushi's Ne-cropolis is located near the western harbour (Island of Pharos) and dates back to the 2nd century BC. The only example and reference of Ptolemaic Alexandrian tombs, with clear integrations of Egyptian-style scenes and decorations, is considered an endangered archaeological site due to different coastal environmental risks in Alexandria and the absence of maintenance. Ensuring these core values are implemented can support the health of present and future generations and will likely be applicable to other First Nations communities. Supporting the health and wellbeing of Torres Strait Islanders to continue living in the remote Torres Strait Islands in a changing climate can enable long-term care for Country, maintenance of culture, and a sense of identity for First Nations Peoples. So how can you help with climate change?’ In response, this research describes four core values focused on supporting First Nations Peoples’ health and wellbeing: co-design, appropriate governance, support for self-determination, and respectfully incorporating Indigenous Knowledges into health-protective climate initiatives. This includes the Torres Strait Islands, where a local leader asked our Torres Strait Islander co-author, ’We know that you will return to your Country-unlike previous researchers. However, human-induced climate change raises unforeseen risks to the health of First Nations Peoples-especially in remotely located communities. According to the total score obtained (20-Inner Bay and 19-Bocachica sector), guidelines for shipwreck conservation of cultural heritage in Cartagena Bay are proposed.įirst Nations Peoples have a long history of living in Australia’s changing climate and a deep knowledge of their traditional estate (‘Country’). In Cartagena Bay, all wrecks were scored 4. (v) The socioeconomic criterion indicates the multiple maritime and cultural activities presently taking place that might affect the wreck. (iv) The oceanographic criterion, linked to chemical and biological conditions of the water column, influences wreck conservation. Obtained scores were 4 and 3 for the wrecks, respectively, located in the Inner Bay and in the Bocachica sector. In Cartagena Bay, wrecks are situated at a water depth between 15.6 and 29.7 m (all wrecks were scored 4) (iii) The shipwreck condition criterion indicates the level of preservation, including organic and inorganic material, distinguishing among wooden hulls, ballast stones, and cannons. 1741), having been submerged for~280 years (all wrecks obtained a score of 3) (ii) The geographical criterion concerns the depth at which the wreck is located, which determines its accessibility. The ones investigated in this paper are associated with the Battle of Cartagena de Indias (A.D. Criteria analyzed are (i) historical, i.e., based on the antiquity of the wreck. The sum of the scores obtained at each criterion ranges from 5 to 25, and when the value obtained is higher than 15, management action is required. ![]() Five criteria are used and scored from 1 (indicating a low risk for the wreck) to 5 (high risk). ![]() The methodology is applied to four colonial shipwrecks located in Cartagena de Indias Bay (Colombia), two of them in the Inner Bay and two in the Bocachica sector. This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology for the management of submerged cultural heritage sites despite their worldwide location.
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